Precious Pooches: A Deep Dive Into 40+ Uncommon Dog Breeds

Before we explore the extraordinary world of canine diversity, everyone must understand that regardless of breed, appearance, or species, all dogs are fantastic and make excellent companions, hence the distinction of being man’s best friend. However, this list consists of the cream of the crop, the rarest breeds that can fetch thousands of dollars and are not as commonly seen as other types.

Although some have been designed with intentions to serve a specific purpose, some of the dogs on the list happened when two unlikely breeds came together to produce something unique. We guarantee that what we have on this list are not the usual faces seen in your local dog park. From the mystical Bergamasco Sheepdog to the charming Biewer Terrier, each breed is a testament to the awe-inspiring diversity of our beloved four-legged best friends. Join us in meeting some of the coolest doggos on the block.

1. Canaan Dog

The Canaan Dog originated in the Middle East, particularly in Canaan, and is Israel’s national dog. They are versatile and intelligent working dogs with a long history. Aloof with strangers but docile with family, this bushy-tailed dog can grow up to 24 inches at the shoulder and is commonly mistaken for a German Shepherd.

They were employed for generations by the Bedouins of the Middle East to protect their livestock and camps. Although they are connected to their people, they avoid making new friends. The Canaan Dog was originally developed to guard and herd livestock.

2. Basenji

The Basenji comes from Central Africa and is often called the “barkless dog” because of the distinct yodel-like sound called a “barroo” which is very much unlike the regular barking sounds of other canines. Basenjis are independent, intelligent, and known for their cat-like grooming habits. They may also be the world’s oldest dog breed.

Libyan cave paintings dating back to 6,000 B.C. depict hunters with canine companions resembling the Basenji. This breed is generally clean and has a strong instinct for grooming. The Basenji can be reserved and alert around strangers but are immensely affectionate with their family.

3. Xoloitzcuintli

The Xoloitzcuintli is a dog breed with roots in Mexico. They are known for their distinct appearance and come in three sizes. Notably, the Xoloitzcuintli can be hairless or coated; both varieties are recognized within the breed and have dark colors.

The hairless Xoloitzcuintli has tough, smooth skin and may have some hair on the tail and head, while the coated variety has a short, dense coat. They’re characterized by their alert expression, large ears, and a curled or long tail.

4. Peruvian Inca Orchid 

Known for its friendly nature and elegant appearance, the Peruvian Inca Orchid is a hairless dog breed and the national dog of Peru. Legend has it that the Spanish called them perros flora when they were seen in caves with wild orchids. They are not all hairless; some are born with full coats.

Known for being affectionate and loyal, these dogs make good companions because they are generally great with families and are easily adaptable. However, the hairless variety may require special care to protect their skin from the sun and extreme temperatures. They have unusually long feet that look like those of a rabbit.

5. Estrela Mountain Dog

Also called Cão da Serra da Estrela, this breed comes from Portugal and is one of the oldest working breeds in the Iberian peninsula. They are excellent guard dogs; they are watchful and can be dominant with other canines. As a working breed, Estrela Mountain Dogs require regular exercise.

Given the breed’s reputation for independence, it is critical to start training them young. They make devoted and protective companions, especially in homes, but they are not recommended for families with small children unless they are raised from a young age with children.

6. Pumi

The Pumi is a Hungarian herding breed known for its distinctive appearance, including a curly, corkscrew coat and ears that stand erect. Pumis are intelligent and energetic and make excellent herding dogs. Small to medium in size, they are energetic and agile with alert expressions.

The nimble-footed herder of Hungarian origin excels in various dog sports and activities. They are equally adept in gathering, driving, and controlling livestock as any other breed of sheepdog. They require mental stimulation but easily form strong bonds with their families.

7. Swedish Vallhund

The Swedish Vallhund, also known as the “Viking Dog,” is a herding breed originating from Sweden. They are small, sturdy dogs with wedge-shaped heads, prick ears, and a bushy tail that can be either naturally bobbed or long. These cattle dogs have a zest for life and a cheerful temperament.

Despite its size, the Vallhund is known for its alertness, affectionate nature, intelligence, agility, and herding capabilities. Historically, they were used on Swedish farms to herd cattle. They are mostly ok with other animals, but most especially with horses and livestock.

8. Tibetan Mastiff

Originally used to protect Buddhist monasteries from large animals, the Tibetan Mastiff, also known as the “nomad dog,” originated in the Himalayan mountains in Tibet. They are known for their size and are likely to keep all wrongdoers away from your home.

Raising a Tibetan Mastiff requires some work, as they are intelligent but stubborn. They have a broad head, a lion-like mane, and a distinctive curled tail. They are also known for their aloof and independent nature, often showing reserved behavior around strangers.

9. Coton De Tulear

Known for its cotton-like coat and expressive eyes, the Coton is a companion breed with a friendly nature. Named after the city of Tulear in Madagascar, these affectionate and small dogs have a distinctive fluffy, soft coat, can stand up to 11 inches high, and weigh up to 13 pounds.

Their coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting. Cotons are often white, but some may have markings. They have a playful temperament and get along well with almost everyone. They are suitable for families who are looking for a dog that’s easy to care for and playful.

10. Old English Sheepdog 

The Old English Sheepdog, often affectionately called the “Bobtail,” is a large, shaggy dog breed known for its distinctive, profuse double coat that covers its eyes. These dogs come from England and were traditionally used for herding several livestock, particularly sheep. Acquiring one is a commitment and means devoting approximately four hours weekly to grooming.

Old English Sheepdogs are adorable and characterized by their friendly and adaptable nature. They are enjoyable to be around and really laid back. Despite their size, they are generally good with families, including children, and are known for their protective instincts.

11. Catalburun

The Catalburun, also called the Turkish Pointer, is a unique dog breed originating from Turkey. They are characterized by their distinctively split and divided noses, which gives them a distinctive appearance. They are one of three dog breeds with a recognizable split snout and one of the rarest, with an estimated 200 in existence today.

Catalburuns are used for hunting and are renowned for their exceptional scenting and tracking abilities. The split nose is a distinctive feature and is believed to contribute to their hyper-sensitive sense of smell. Although not suited to most families, they make great pets because they are gentle, loyal, and protective.

12. Leonberger 

The Leonberger is a giant dog breed known for its gentle temperament and majestic appearance. Originating in Germany, they were initially bred as working and companion dogs, but don’t let their enormous stature intimidate you; they are intelligent, good with children, and very loyal to their families.

Leonbergers have a strong, well-muscled body, a lion-like mane around the neck, and a water-resistant double coat. They are willing to please but require lots of exercise and grooming. This powerful dog is elegant and aristocratic, with males standing over 31 inches at the shoulder.

13. Nederlandse Kooikerhondje

Kooikerhondjes are small to medium-sized dogs with a distinctive coat pattern, including a white body with patches. “Kooikerhondje” is derived from the Dutch, which means “duck decoy.” They have a distinct tail and are known to be intelligent and friendly, but they almost became extinct in the 1940s.

Fortunately, they were preserved, thanks to Baroness Van Hardenbroek van Ammerstol. These dogs are not only skilled hunters but also make excellent family pets. They are often involved in dog sports and renowned for their agility., gregariousness, and vigilance.

14. Catahoula Leopard Dog

The Catahoula is a versatile and energetic breed of dog originating from Louisiana, USA. They have distinctive coat patterns and striking eyes, often called “cracked glass” or “marbled” eyes. They were historically used for herding and hunting, hence their assertiveness. Once their place in the family is established, they are loving, loyal, and gentle.

These dogs are intelligent and often described as loyal and protective, but require consistent training from an early age due to their strong-willed nature. They are celebrated for their versatility and can excel in various roles, including tracking and herding. Although focused and intense when working in the field, they are playful and protective when with their families.

15. Bergamasco Sheepdog

The Bergamasco Sheepdog is a distinctive-looking herding dog from the Italian Alps, particularly in the region of Bergamo. Known for its unique coat, this dog’s hair forms mats or flocks, protecting it from the harsh weather conditions of the mountainous terrain. They may be wary of strangers but only use aggressiveness as a last resort.

These dogs have a strong, well-muscled build, and the mats in their coat form naturally over time. Acquiring one does not require extensive grooming. However, regular care is a must to prevent the matting of their furs. Bergamascos are generally affectionate with their owners.

16. Pharaoh Hound 

The Pharaoh Hound is a graceful and elegant breed of dog with a striking appearance, believed to be one of the oldest domesticated dogs with roots in ancient Egypt and may have hunted gazelles with pharaohs, hence their name. They are now Malta’s national dog.

These dogs are known for their speed and hunting instincts. They have a short coat ranging in color from tan to chestnut. When excited, the Pharaoh Hound has a “blush” – its nose and ears turn rosy. They are sleek and known for high-speed pursuits on rocky terrains.

17. Saluki

The Saluki is an ancient dog breed known for its elegance, short fur, grace, and speed. Originating from the Middle East, particularly in regions like Egypt and Iran, Salukis were historically used for hunting game animals such as gazelles. They are very adaptable and can live and work in various climates.

Salukis are sighthounds, characterized by their athletic build, long legs, and a distinctive narrow head, making them excellent hunters. They have a smooth or feathered coat that comes in various colors and have made various appearances throughout history. They were first sent to America by Commodore David Porter.

18. Finnish Spitz 

Although the Finnish Spitz was initially intended to be a hunting dog, it also makes an excellent house companion that forms strong ties with family members. They have also become captivating, sensitive, and smart show dogs and stand over 20 inches at the shoulder.

The Finnish Spitz has been acknowledged as the national dog of Finland since 1979. They are known for their lively and vocal nature; they use a unique “bark” called the “bark song” while hunting. These dogs are intelligent, alert, and easily distinguished by their curving plumed tails and foxy faces.

19. Beauceron 

A multipurpose dog that can guard and herd sheep and cattle, keeping them safe from wolves. Beauceron is a large and versatile herding dog breed originating from France. This guard and watchdog is prized for its strength, intelligence, and protective instincts. Intelligent and a quick learner, the Beauceron needs a regular outlet for its energy.

Beaucerons have a robust and muscular build, a distinctive double coat, and a black and tan or harlequin coloration. They are characterized by alert expression and well-balanced temperament. Aside from daily walks and running in a large yard, they require challenging activities.

20. Dinmont Dandie Terrier

Dinmont Dandie Terriers have small legs and a characteristic hairstyle. They are laid back, devoted, and playful, making them excellent friends for older kids. The small Scottish breed is named after a character in the novel “Guy Mannering,” writtenl by Sir Walter Scott.

Dandies have a dense, harsh coat that comes in pepper or mustard colors. They have a dignified and intelligent expression. Despite their small size, they are robust, bold, and have a determined personality. Initially developed to hunt small game, they are friendly and make affectionate companions.

21. Thai Ridgeback

As the name implies, the Thai Ridgeback is a breed from Thailand. They are loyal family dogs that are intelligent with a strong survival instinct. They can be easily distinguished because of the ridge of hair along their back that grows in the opposite direction from their coat. This ridge is similar to the one seen in the Rhodesian Ridgeback.

Medium with a well-muscled build, this breed is known for its loyalty. They are generally aloof but can be affectionate and protective of their families and owners. Domesticated about 300 years ago, they guarded and pulled carts and hunted down vermin.

22. Cane Corso

Cane Corso is a large and powerful Italian dog breed belonging to the Molosser group. Traditionally, it was used as a guard dog, hunter, and protector in various roles. The Cane Corso is characterized by its muscular build and a distinctive head. They are very much attuned to their owner’s feelings and sometimes think they cause grief or happiness.

Known for its loyalty and protective instincts, the Cane Corso is often described as a confident and assertive breed. It is crucial to properly train and socialize them from a young age to ensure they become well-behaved and manageable despite their imposing appearance.

23. Stabyhoun

The Stabyhoun is a Dutch breed, known for its versatility as a hunting dog. It’s often referred to as a “Stabij.” Stabyhouns are medium-sized dogs with a sturdy build, a long, wavy coat, and distinctive feathering on their ears and tail.

They can sometimes be willful but are patient, friendly, intelligent, and gentle, making them good family pets. Stabyhouns are typically good with children and other animals, displaying a sociable demeanor. This excellent retriever is sharp-eyed and works well in water.

24. Russian Toy

The Russian Toy is a small dog breed with roots in Russia. It comes in two varieties: the Toy Terrier and the Russian Toy (Russkiy Toy). Both varieties are characterized by their small size, fine bone structure, and large, expressive eyes.

The Toy Terrier has a smooth coat, while the Russian Toy has a long or short coat. Colors include brown, black, and blue. They are keen to please, intelligent, and cheerful and are recommended for those living in small apartments because of their size.

25. Otterhound

Otterhounds excel both on land and in the water because they were originally bred to hunt otters. They are large, rugged breeds originating from England. Otterhounds are particularly known for their distinctive appearance, including a shaggy double coat and webbed feet.

Even their feet are webbed, which is rare for dogs. They have an unusual bass voice and are typically very amicable towards their people. These dogs are friendly and have a good-natured temperament. Due to their size, early training is crucial.

26. Pekingese 

They were the trusted friends of the Chinese aristocracy during the imperial era, and it was banned for anybody outside the palace to own one. Many myths surround its origin, as some people believe lions were their parents. These sophisticated canines come in various shades of red.

The Pekingese is a small toy breed that originated in China and is known for its distinctive appearance and royal history. It has a distinctive lion-like mane, a flat face, and a sturdy body. Pekingese dogs may be aloof with strangers but will tolerate kids.

27. New Guinea Singing Dog

A close relative of the Australian dingo, the New Guinea Singing Dog is native to the New Guinea Highlands with a compact build, thick double coat, and erect ears. They are agile and have well-developed hunting and survival instincts. They are more like felines because they can climb and jump from trees.

In recent years, there has been interest in conservation efforts to preserve the New Guinea Singing Dog’s genetic diversity. However, they are considered one of the rarest dog breeds, and those in captivity are often part of breeding and conservation programs.

28. Skye Terrier

Named after its reputed origins on the British Isle of Skye, the Skye Terrier is a Scottish breed known for its distinctive appearance, characterized by a long, low body, erect ears, and a straight coat hanging over its face. Queen Victoria was known to have a fondness for this breed.

During the Victorian era, it was considered to be an embarrassment to be seen in a park without this dog. Skye Terriers have a strong, sturdy build despite their low stature. Although they have a hunting heritage, they make excellent indoor pets. Only a few are born each year, making them an endangered breed.

29. Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen

The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen (GBGV) is a French dog breed that is known for its excellent hunting skills. The dog is renowned for his courage and endurance. They are excellent hare hunters due to their diminutive stature and short legs.

Being a pack dog, they spend a lot of time with their owner or with a different dog or cat. These dogs were originally bred to hunt prey like rabbits and hares in small games because of their keen sense of smell, ruggedness, and stamina.

30. Norwegian Lundehund

The Norwegian Lundehund is an ancient breed from Norway. This medium-sized dog is known for its distinct features, including a flexible body, six toes on each foot, and tipping its head backward to touch its spine. They can also close their ears if they need to protect their ear canal.

The Norwegian words “lunde,” which means puffin, and “hund,” which means “dog,” combine to form the term “Lundehund.” Originally developed for hunting puffins and their eggs on steep cliffs, the Lundehund’s unique physical traits allowed it to navigate challenging terrains.

31. Sloughi

This ancient breed from North Africa, particularly Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, is also called the Arabian Greyhound. They are sighthounds known for their sleek and athletic appearance, with a short, smooth coat and a distinctive, noble expression. They may be considered aloof but they are immensely affectionate to their families.

Sloughis are medium to large-sized dogs built for speed and endurance. They have long legs, a deep chest, and a long, gently curved tail. These dogs, such as gazelles and others across the desert terrain, were traditionally used for hunting games.

32. Schapendoes

They were first bred as farm and herding dogs. The Schapendoes have long, thick coats, expressive eyes, and a lively, friendly demeanor. They are known for being sociable and good with children but are independent, alert, and excellent watchdogs that need plenty of exercise.

They enjoy playing sports and are highly friendly and gregarious but are not very good at defending. The schapendoes are characterized by their agility, intelligence, and adaptability. Their dense, weather-resistant coat requires regular grooming to prevent the matting of their hair.

33. Bedlington Terrier

The Bedlington Terrier is a small to medium-sized dog breed originating in the Northumberland mining town of Bedlington, England. It is known for its distinctive appearance. The Bedlington Terrier has a unique pear-shaped head, arched back, and a curly, wooly coat.

These terriers were historically used for hunting vermin but are valued as companion animals. Bedlington Terriers are characterized by their gentle and affectionate nature. They are known for being playful, yet they can display a certain tenacity when engaged in activities.

34. Lagotto Romagnolo

The Lagotto Romagnolo is a distinctive Italian dog known for its friendly nature and, notably, its role as a truffle hunter. This medium-sized dog has a dense, curly coat that comes in various colors, often shades of brown, orange, or white, and was initially bred to help hunters retrieve game from marshes.

After much of the wetland was drained, people reevaluated their jobs and turned them into truffle hunters. Besides truffle hunting, they are generally affectionate and excel in various dog sports and activities—fun fact: Numerous Italian Renaissance art depicts this breed.

35. Pyrenean Shepherd

The Pyrenean Shepherd is a herding dog breed that hails from the Pyrenees Mountains in France. This small to medium-sized dog is known for its agility and herding skills. Pyrenean Shepherds come in two coat varieties: Rough-faced (long-haired) and Smooth-faced (short-haired). 

This breed, whose original purpose was to herd, enjoys living in a busy home. The Pyrenean Shepherd does not readily trust strangers like any other herding dog. Known for their lively nature, they make great companions and have dark almond-shaped eyes.

36. English Foxhound

The English Foxhound is a medium to large-sized dog breed known for its endurance, stamina, and keen sense of smell. It is one of England’s oldest scent hound breeds developed for fox hunting. They get along nicely with kids, epitomizing beauty, utility, and balance.

English Foxhounds have a sleek, energetic, muscular build with a short coat that comes in various colors, commonly tricolor or bicolor patterns. These dogs are bred primarily for their hunting abilities and excel in tracking scents over long distances, and are rarely made house pets.

37. Brussels Griffon

This small dog breed from Belgium has a unique appearance and is suited for people who live in apartments. This toy breed is characterized by its expressive face and distinctive beard and is devoted and smart. The breed has two coat types: rough-coated (with a wiry coat) and smooth-coated.

They are affectionate and lively. They may be smaller compared to other dogs, but they are generally confident, maybe spirited, or even a bit stubborn. They learn quickly, often form strong bonds with their families, and can make loving companions, but they don’t like being alone.

38. Chinook

The Chinook is a rare and distinctive dog breed originating in the United States that was developed in the early 20th century. They are known for their versatility, strength, and friendly temperament; they were initially bred for sled dog work but are now popular as family pets.

They are easy to get along with, quick to pick things up, and extremely loyal to the family’s kids. Chinooks are large, muscular dogs with a thick double coat that can come in various shades, ranging from pale honey to reddish-gold. The average male can weigh up to 90 pounds with a life expectancy of up to 15 years.

39. Cesky Terrier

The Cesky Terrier is a Czech dog breed known for its friendly demeanor and appearance. It is a rare breed, developed in Czechoslovakia in the 1940s by Frantisek Horak by crossing Sealyham Terriers with Scottish Terriers. The small to medium-sized terrier has a long body, short legs, and a silky coat.

Known for being calm and adaptable, they make very good family pets and can become your children’s devoted buddies if they can get used to this temperament. Regular grooming and exercises are required to maintain their coat, but they are calmer than the typical terrier.

40. Field Spaniel

Despite appearing similar to other dogs in this group, such as the Springer and Cocker Spaniels, the Field Spaniel is a medium-sized sporting dog breed that originated in England. Known for its intelligence, friendly demeanor, and versatility, it is often considered a skilled hunter.

Field Spaniels differ in a number of ways. They have a well-balanced build, long ears, and a silky coat that comes in various colors like liver, black, or a combination of the two. They are friendly, sensitive, and sweet, making them excellent companions and good family pets.

41. Belgian Laekenois

One of the four herding dogs that make up the Belgian Shepherd group and are generally regarded as distinct breeds is the Belgian Laekenois. They have a square build and a tousled and rough coat that ranges in color from fawn to mahogany. 

Excellent with kids, due to their high activity level, they need proper training from a young age. This breed is known for its herding abilities, versatility, and intelligence. Historically, these dogs were used as guard dogs but are valued today because of their protectiveness.

42. Biewer Terrier

Originating in Germany, the Biewer Terrier is a modern breed named for the couple that produced them from Yorkshire Terriers. This dog is known for its elegant and tri-colored coat, which is typically a combination of tan, black, and white.

Grooming needs vary depending on the coat type. If the Biewer Terrier has a longer coat, regular grooming and brushing are a must to keep the coat in excellent condition and prevent matting. Biewer Terriers are known to be playful and energetic and cost approximately $3500 to $4000 each.

43. Chinese Crested 

Chinese Crested is a small-sized dog known for its distinctive appearance, hairless areas on the body, a crest of silky hair on the head (hence the name), and furry “socks” on the feet. There are two coat varieties: Hairless and Powderpuff.

Most Chinese crested dogs have long, elaborate hairstyles on their heads, tails, and ankles, with no fur on the rest of their bodies. Chinese Cresteds are often friendly, playful, and affectionate, and make good companions. They can be quite adaptable as well.

44. Schipperke

Schipperke can mean “little shepherd,” a small Belgian breed known for its distinctive appearance, including a fox-like face, pointed ears, and a thick, double coat. They are often described as “little black devils” due to their mischievousness, alertness, and energy.

Schipperkes were observed on barges and small boats in the 1880s, but considering that their ancestry can be traced back to a shepherd dog known as the Leauvenaar, it is reasonable to believe that their original purpose was to protect herds.

45. Hovawarts

This breed’s name translates to “garden watcher,” indicating that is their duty. Hovawart is a German dog breed known for its versatility, intelligence, and protectiveness. They are loyal and a little reticent among outsiders, which makes them excellent family companions. 

They were originally developed as working farm dogs; the Hovawart is medium to large in size with a powerful and well-balanced build. Their dense double coat comes in numerous colors, including black and gold, blonde, or black.